Sash-qpebattk g mbchaetism



J. A. PETERMAN.

SASH OPERATING MECHANlSM.

APPLICATION FILED APR.16, 1919.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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Josnrn rnrnmcen, or enooiiti'n, new YORK.

itlllEBlIlCFLlIIlGD. filed April 16,

fl; aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known hat ,i osnrii A. Pn'rnnimn, a. citizen he United States, end resident of Brookl; in the county o Kings and {State of New York, have invented certztin new and .usei'ul i Sash-Operating Mechanism, of wniel .ie iollowing 18 a specification.

This invention rel: mechanism and port: adapted to he einpt .1. in connection. with Ventilators, skyli ht or other structures" wherein acijnrtehle or movably mounted sashes or closures are employed and designed to he reaclily unit or old}; opened or closed as the occasion neceseitates An object of the invention resides in the provision of a controlling mechanism which,

1 While being capable of criminal adjustment,

will have incorporated therein certain in struinentalities which will. render the structure automatically operative for an opening; of the sashes or closures at the time of lire or other emergency which might demaml an immedmte ventilation of the building.

Another object of the invention is to provicle in combination with a. novel form of controlling mechanism, a sash and frame construction wherein movement of the sash will not he interfered. with or retarded loy snow, ice or foreign obstructions.

A still further object of the invention lies in the provision of a novel l'rmne construction having movably mounted sashes; incorporating with the 't'rznue and its sashes. a sash. controlling u'iecliauisni which will con stitute a normally suspen-Qletl weighted means, the normal. point oi suspension of which is above the horizontal positions of the sashes so that the full. weight of said means will be immediately applied to the sashes when said inechansrn is releuseil and thereby establish it positive opening action of the sashes, while groatl accarleratingz; such action in the desire to n'oniptly establish ventilation of the building.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sash controlling mechanism operable by grit ity to ad ance the sashes to opened posi ns upon releusi acid mechanism and l form of actuator for the p iwsion of 11K soul, hunisni. the, tin. serving to suspend ism at u sash closing the controlling me in position normally. the (1)lll-l'0llill1 mecha- Specificetion of Letters iee'tent.

EFntentetl Nov. t, i919.

1319. Serial No. 290,492.

nisin consisting of metalie rods whose combined weights are adapted to he simultaneously applied against the sashes to augment an openin action thereoi when the actuator is released.

Another object of the invention is to provide in. combination with a ventilating skylight or the like and the movably mounted sashes therefor, an opening and closing mechanism for said sashes which will in lude device: adapted. to be adjusted to insure i-ull uniformity in the closing and opening of said sashes.

A )lll further object of the invention is to provide a sash controlling mechanism with which incorporated a novel form of actuator, the latter consisting of an inflammable material. having fusible sections or surfaces errzuigecl at comxenient or suitable distances apart throughout the length of said. material so as to increase the eiiicienc i of the material as a means for positively romloring the controlling mechanism automal icully operable at the time of fire.

in the drawings;

i igurc 1 is a vertical transverse section through a skylight showing; the application of my invention thereto.

2 :1. plan view oi the skylight with parts broken away and parts in section.

Pig. 3 is a detail section through the runner and a portion of its supporting guide.

Fin. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing a slightly monlilierl form of runner.

Fig. 5 is a section through a part of the structure showing' a still further modified form of the invention.

Fig. 6 s a section on an enlarged scale or one of the swinging sashes.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section therethrough.

1 do not wish to limit myself to the use Of the invention in connection with skylights and ventilators and therefore desire it to he umlostoml that l have essentially associated with one another certain instrumentalities andv nicoties or construction for an ellicacious opening of a sash or similar swinging object. liowever. l have specificall} illustratml the use of the invention with that form oi comhiuerl skylight and. ventilator oomouly used in theaters, schools, as. puhli lmilrliugrs. dwelling houses nml like placcs where public safety demands an automatic arrangement of contrivances for establishing immediate ventilation between the interior of a building and the outside atmosphere" at the requisite time.

The skylight 1O herein illustrated is mounted in the customary manner upon the curbing 11 which rises from the roof 12.

The top of the skylight may be constructed in any well known suitable manner and in the present instance it is provided with suitable transparent panels 13. The structure includes vertical parallel sides 14-44 and vertical parallel ends 15 15, the side and end sections 16 and 17. respectively at the top of the skylight being inclined in a downward direction toward said sides and ends 14 and 15 as shown in Fig. 1. The sides and ends include mullion bars 18 and top and bottom horizontal bars 19 and 20 respectively. The arrangement of the vertical mullion bars 18 and the top and bottom bars 19 and 20 is such that sash accommodating openings are formed entirely around the skylight be neath the top thereof and in each of said openingsis mounted an adjustable sash or closure 22.

Each of said sashes, in the present in stance is hinged at its lower edge to the lower bar 20 as shown at 23. In this manner it follows that the sash is free for outward movement as illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. with an outer metallic facing 24, an inner metallic facing 25 and an intermediate frame 26. The outer facing is provided at its upper edge with a flange 27 adapted to freely fit in the groove 28 of the top bar 19 when the. sash is closed. The side edges of said outer facing are provided with-flanges 29 which overlap similar metallic flanges 30 on the mullion bars 18. In, this manner it will be observed that a weather-proof joint is formed between the sash and the walls of the opening 21. v[in outer protecting framei-il is disposed at one side of each of the sash accommodating openings 21 so as to additionally protect the joints from exposure to the outside elements and obstructions. This arrangement is desirable so as to always insure free movements of the sashes for the purpose previously stated. \Vhile I have described that the sashes are hinged at their lower edges so .as to swing downward and outward, it is to be. understood that it is merely suggestive of one appropriate arrangement that might be employed. in other words I have found the illustrated arrangement very effective. in that the weights of the sashes are contributory to the weight of the gravity working controlling mechanism and in practice the sashes can be instantly opened to their full positions.

I of course wish it be understood that the controlling mechanism which i will presently describe in detail may be used in conjunction with various forms of adjusting Each of said sashes is provided swinging sashes 22.

perat u re bodies or sashes regardless of whether the same are lunged from the bottom, top side or arranged to slide.

Mounted within the skylight is a bar 32, the same disposed above the horizontal centers of the openings 21 and connected to the center thereof is the lower end of a vertical bolt 33, the opposite end of the bolt having engagement with the rib134= at the top of the skylight. A hollow standard or sleeve 35 embraces the bolt and as illustrated said sleeve is substantially co-extensive with said bolt. The construction is such that the sleeve extends for an appreciable distance above the upper ends of the openings 21 for a purpose to be presently explained. A runner or verticallytraveling member 36 is mounted on the sleeve 35 and radiating therefrom are pairs of lugs 37 in which rod seetions 38 are pivoted. Said sections 38 are threadedly connected by sleeves 39 with mating sections 40, the lower ends' of the latter having pivotal connection with the It follows from this construction that the rods can be lengthened or shortened so that the same uniform move ments will be transmitted to the sashes when the runner 36 is adjusted. In order that the movements of the sashes can be further regulated. the lower pivoted ends of the sec tions 4-0 are interchangeable in longitudinally arranged series of perforations 42 in angle strips 43 on the inner faces of the sashes.

Above the runner 36 is a convolute spring 44 which exerts pressure in a downward direction against said runner so that movement. of the latter will be started and accelerated when it is desired to move the sashes to ventilating positions.

1\n inflammable actuator 45 is employed. for the purpose of normally holding the controlling mechanism suspended in the full line position shown in Fig. 1.. This actuator consists of a number of intlammalfle sections 46 connected together by fusible links 47. Said sections are guided over pulleys 4S and one of said sections is fastened to the runner 36 whereby to hold the latter in said full line position as long as the actuator is under tension. The sections 46 are preferably in the form of rope and the sections may be of suitable lengths so as to arrange the fusible links at relatively close intervals. The actuator may be extended over the ceiling and along suitable interior surfaces of a building so that the free end thereof may be secured to a suitable cl'eat (not shown). In this mannerthe actuator may be controlled manually when it is desired to ventilate the building under' normal conditions. By arranging the fusiblc. links at close intervals in the length of the actuator they will be exposed to tem conditions throughoutv Jamm e parts of the building so to augment the destruction of the actuator and an automatic release of the controlling mechanism at the time of lire. An automatic opening of such sashes is required by statutory regu lat-ions and requirements of fire underwriters.

Having explained the essential details of construction of the mechanism, its operation described as follows:

Assuming the swinging sashes to be closed, the rods comprising the sections 38, 39 and 40 are held in the downward inclined positions shown in full lines in Fig. l. The runner 36 is positioned at the top of the sleeve 35 and the entire weight of all of the controlling rods supported therefrom. long as the actuator 45 is under tension. The moment tension is released from said actuator the runner gravitates tothe dotted line position shown in Fig. 1 and in so doing the operating ro ds' move radially, applying their force and weight against the swinging sashes. In this i'espect it is preferred that the swinging sashes be hinged at their lower edges so that the weights of the sashes contribute with the weights of the controlling rods and the gravitational force thereof to establish an instantaneous opening of said sashes. One of the principal factors to be considered in the combination described is the application of the combined weights of the controlling rods against the respective swinging sashes so as to encourage adjustments of the latter, and supplementing such arrangement with the superposing of the weights of the controlling rods with respect to the horizontal centers of said sashes.

Another feature about which I desire to claim a decided advantage over devices as formally constructed is the positioning of the guide sleeve 35 with respect to the controlling rods of the sashes whereby when the .rods are in the dotted line positions shown in Fig. l, the sashes will be held open against the action of the wind. This functioning of the parts is quite desirable so as to prevent interruption of ventilation at the time of fires and it also prevents an objcetionable rattling or opening and closing of the sashes by sudden gusts of wind striking thereagainst.

In the modified form of the invention shown in Fig. a, the member or sleeve 35 is provided with a traveling runner 36 having anti-friction bodies 36, the latter arranged in free engagement with sleeve to reduce the friction between the parts vhen the runner is in motion.

In the form illustrated in Fig. 5, the sash 22" is pivoted at a point between its upper and lower edges so that when it is adjusted to an opened position, the surface 22" thereof will form a .drip shed to deflect the water away from the sash opening. In this manner, itwill be observed that the sash may he opened for ventilation of a building at night time without fear of possible leakage.

The upper portion of each of the outer.

protecting frames 31 is provided with a depending drip shed 31 which serves, when the sash 22 in the first embodiment of the invention is closed, to deflect the water past the joint between the upper edge of said sash and the top of the sash opening :21.

in the mechanism herein described, it should be observed that no delicate gearing is used which might be injured by the action of chemical fumes and that the arrangement of parts in the particular or similar combination referred to always insure a proper working of the apparatus.

What I claim is:

1. A structure having an opening therein, a sash movable against the opening to cover the same, a metallic rod movably connected at one end to the sash, said rod extending in an upward direction away from the sash, a

vertically traveling runner having operative connection with the other end of said rod,

means for holding the runner against movement, and means for limiting the movement in one direction of the runner to hold the rod against movement when the sash is opened.

2. A structure having an opening therein, a sash movable against the opening to cover the same, a metallic rod connected at one end to the sash, said rod extending in an upward direction away from the sash, a vertically traveling runner having operative connection with the other end of said rod, means for holding the rod against movement, and a spring bearing against the runner to accelerate movement thcreo'l? when the holding means is released.

3. A combined ventilator and skylight comprising a frame having openings. therim,

in, swinging sashes mounted over said openings, a bar fixedly mounted within the frame, a rigid member between the top of said frame and said bar, a runner mounted to travel on said member, rods connecting the runner with said sashes, and mechanism for moving the runner to efi'ect adjustments of said rods.

i. A combined ventilator and skylight comprising a frame having openings therein, swinging sashes mounted over said openings, a bar fixedly mounted within the frame, a rigid member between the top of the frame and said bar, a runner mounted to travel on said member, a spring normally exerting its pressure against said, runner,'sash controlling devices between the runner and said sashes, and mechanism for normally holding said runner against the action of said spring.

5. A skylight structure comprising a frame having openings therein, sashes re spectively closing against said openings normally, a fined rigid vertical member mounted in the frame, a runner mounted to slide on said rigid member, relatively heavy rods pivoted at their inner ends to the runner and at their outer ends to the sashes, and mechanism for normally holding the runner in sash closing posltion and including thermal actuated means for releasing said against all 'of said sashes.

Signed" at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, and State of New York, this 7th day of April, A. D. 1919.

JOSEPH A. PETERMAN. 

